【作者】 李浩；

【导师】 林劲杨；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 体育硕士（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:体能是足球运动最基础的保障,足球运动作为有氧和无氧结合的高强度运动,体能的储备是重中之重。然而,我国常用的足球体能测试方法对于评价足球员的体能水平有着一定的局限性,不利于教练员对于运动员进行更加全面的体能评估。本研究旨在30-15间歇体能测试（30-15IFT）在大学生男子足球运动员中的信度和效度,为广大足球教练员和科研人员提供高效、便捷和可靠的足球体能测试方法提供科学依据。方法:25名中南大学高水平足球队队员（年龄19.5±1.2yrs;身高178.6±6.3cm;体重68.5±13.4kg;训练年限10.6±2.7yrs;体脂率14.1%±3.4%,22名一级运动员,2名国家级健将,1名二级运动员）自愿参加1次跑台上的连续递增测试（测试坡度为1°）,其中1名测试人员因伤退出测试。测试开始以7km/h的速度开始,每分钟以1km/h的恒定速度递增直到测试者跑不动为止,和2次间隔七天的30-15间歇体能测试,采集跑台测试和30-15间歇体能测试的最大速度、最大摄氧量、最大心率以及主观疲劳度,选择变异系数、重测信度以及组内一致性来对信度进行评价,效度方面选择使用Pearson相关分析以及Bland-Altman一致性分析对30-15间歇体能测试进行评价其相关性和一致性。结果:在2次30-15间歇体能测试与跑台测试的结果对比中,2次30-15间歇体能测试测得的各项结局指标均无显著性差异,（p>0.05,ES=0.21～0.29）,其中最大摄氧量与最大速度表现出非常高的信度（ICC=0.92,CV=1.01%;ICC=0.92,CV=1.22%）,最大心率表现出非常高的信度（ICC=0.74,CV=1.50%）。两次30-15体能测试测得TE结果(VO_2max=0.76;HR_max=4.58;V_IFT=0.35)均高于SWC(VO_2max=0.56ml/kg/min;HR_max=4.58 bpm;V_IFT=0.35 km/h)因此测试的有用性被评价为微小。效度方面,Pearson相关分析结果显示,在30-15间歇体能测试与CT之间,VO_2max存在高的相关关系（r=0.62,p=0.002,ES=1.27）,而HR_max与V_IFT存在非常高的相关关系（r=0.76,p<0.001,ES=-0.87～2.13）。结论:2次30-15IFT与CT测试中测得的成绩进行比较,在信度方面,VO_2max与V_IFT表现出非常高的信度,HR_max表现出高的信度;在效度方面,VO_2max存在高的相关关系,HR_max与V_IFT存在非常高的相关关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:physical fitness is the most basic guarantee of football,football as a combination of aerobic and anaerobic high-intensity exercise,physical reserve is the most important.However,the commonly used method of football physical fitness test in our country has some limitations for evaluating the level of football players physical fitness,which is not conducive to coaches to carry out more comprehensive physical fitness assessment for athletes.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of 30-15 interval physical fitness test in college male soccer players,it provides scientific basis for football coaches and scientific researchers to provide efficient,convenient and reliable testing methods of football physical ability.Method:25 high-level football team members from Central South University（age 19.5±1.2yrs;height 178.6±6.3cm;weight 68.5±13.4kg;training period 10.6±2.7yrs;body fat rate 14.1%±3.4%）voluntarily participated in a continuous incremental test on the treadmill（test slope of 1°）,and one of the testers withdrew from the test due to injury.The test starts at a speed of 7km/h and increases at a constant speed of 1km/h per minute until the tester is unable to run.Two 30-15intermittent fitness test are conducted with a 7-day interval to collect the maximum speed,maximum oxygen uptake,maximum heart rate,and subjective fatigue of the treadmill test and 30-15 interval physical fitness test,Use the average oxygen uptake（oxygen consumption）in the last 1minute of each level test and calculate the energy consumption（energy consumption）based on respiratory quotient to evaluate the 30-15intermittent fitness test.The coefficient of variation,retest reliability,and intra group consistency were selected to evaluate the reliability.In terms of validity,Pearson correlation analysis and Bland Altman consistency analysis were used to evaluate the correlation and consistency of the30-15 intermittent fitness test.Results:there was no significant difference between the results of two 30-15 intermittent fitness tests and those of treadmill test（P>.0.05,ES=0.21-0.29）,the VO2Max showed very high reliability with maximal heart rate（ICC=0.92,CV=1.01%;ICC=0.92,CV=1.22%）and very high reliability with maximal heart rate（ICC=0.74,CV=1.50%）.Both 30-15 physical fitness tests yielded TE results(vo_2max=0.76;hrmax=4.58;vift=0.35)that were higher than SWC(vo_2max=0.56ml/kg/min;hrmax=4.58 bpm;V_IFT=0.35 km/h),so the usefulness of the test was evaluated as minimal.In terms of validity,Pearson correlation analysis showed a high correlation between 30-15 interval physical fitness tests and CT for VO_2max（R=0.62,p=0.002,ES=1.27）.HR_MAXwas highly correlated with V_IFT（R=0.76,P<0.001,ES=-0.87～2.13）.Conclusion:Comparing the results obtained from two 30-15 IFT and CT tests,VO_2maxand V_IFTshowed very high reliability,while HR_maxshowed high reliability;In terms of validity,VO2max has a high correlation,while HRmax has a very high correlation with VIFT.更多还原