【摘要】 低钠血症是一种较为常见的电解质紊乱，其病因多样，包括钠摄入不足、饮水过多、呕吐、腹泻、中枢神经系统疾病、心力衰竭、药物使用、恶性肿瘤等。低钠血症的临床表现与其发展速度、持续时间和严重程度有关。低钠血症对各器官系统均会产生影响如脑水肿、认知功能下降、心力衰竭、骨折等。治疗低钠血症需根据症状严重程度和病因进行个体化处理。紧急治疗需立即静脉输注高渗盐水纠正。非紧急治疗时则根据不同的病因进行限制液体摄入、使用利尿剂或激素替代疗法等。治疗过程中需密切监测血钠水平。总之，低钠血症对各系统的影响机制复杂多样，尤其是对中枢神经系统的损害最为显著。本综述将对低钠血症对各器官系统影响机制及治疗进行详细介绍。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hyponatremia is a relatively common electrolyte disorder with various causes, including insufficient sodium intake, excessive water intake, vomiting, diarrhea, central nervous system diseases, heart failure, medication use, and malignant tumors.The clinical manifestations of hyponatremia are related to its development speed, duration, and severity.Hyponatremia affects all organ systems, such as cerebral edema, heart failure, cognitive decline, and fractures.Treatment of hyponatremia should be individualized based on the severity of symptoms and the cause.Emergency treatment requires immediate intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline to correct it.Non-emergency treatment involves restricting fluid intake, using diuretics, or hormone replacement therapy, depending on the different causes.Blood sodium levels need to be closely monitored during the treatment process.In summary, the mechanisms by which hyponatremia affects various systems are complex and diverse, with the most significant damage to the central nervous system.Timely and effective diagnosis and personalized treatment are crucial for improving patient outcomes.This review will provide a detailed discussion on the mechanisms by which hyponatremia affects various organ systems and its treatment.更多还原