【摘要】 啁啾脉冲放大（CPA）技术的提出与成熟极大地推动了超强超短激光的发展，将激光与物质相互作用的强度与时间尺度拓展至前所未有的水平，并为紧凑型电子加速与超快电子学等领域带来了突破性进展。近年来，基于强场太赫兹（THz）辐射的电子产生、加速及相空间调控研究迅速发展，展现出高梯度、小型化与高稳定性等独特优势，在台面式加速器、先进光源及超快科学等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。本文在回顾CPA技术对强场太赫兹辐射及加速科学发展的奠基性作用的基础上，系统综述了太赫兹驱动电子加速、电子枪、束流压缩与条纹诊断、太赫兹增强的超快电子成像及应用、太赫兹驱动紧凑型加速器的技术方案等方面的代表性进展，并针对该领域面临的技术瓶颈，以及太赫兹加速与微波加速、等离子体加速等方案的互补与融合提出了前瞻性思考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Significance The development of compact particle accelerators and ultrafast electron sources is of fundamental importance to a wide range of scientific and industrial fields, including materials science, chemistry, biology, and advanced light source technologies. Traditional radiofrequency（RF） accelerators, while mature, are often limited by their large physical footprint, high operational costs, and inherent timing jitter, which restrict their accessibility and applicability across broader scientific communities. The invention of chirped-pulse amplification（CPA） has enabled the generation of ultraintense, ultrashort laser pulses, opening up new pathways toward all-optical, compact electron acceleration and manipulation. Among these, terahertz（THz）-driven electron acceleration and manipulation have emerged as a highly promising approach, offering unique advantages such as GV/m-scale acceleration gradients, intrinsic optical synchronization, and miniaturized device architectures. This technology not only promises to drastically reduce the size of future accelerators but also provides unprecedented temporal resolution for observing atomic-scale ultrafast dynamics.Progress Significant progress has been made in the generation of strong-field THz pulses and their application to electron acceleration and phase-space control. High-energy THz sources based on optical rectification in lithium niobate（LiNbO₃） crystals have achieved millijoule-level output, providing the essential drive for high-gradient acceleration.In electron acceleration, both single-cycle and multi-cycle THz schemes have been successfully demonstrated, achieving acceleration energies ranging from several keV to the MeV level. THz-driven electron guns represent another major breakthrough, enabling the generation of femtosecond electron bunches with high brightness and low timing jitter. Recent devices based on tip-based electron emission and micro-cavity cascading have produced tens of keV beams with normalized emittance as low as 0.015 mm·mrad, making them suitable for ultrafast diffraction and imaging applications. In beam manipulation and diagnostics, THz streaking and compression techniques have been widely adopted, achieving pulse compression down to a few tens of femtoseconds and temporal resolutions of a few femtoseconds via THz-based streaking. These capabilities have been successfully applied in ultrafast electron microscopy and diffraction. By integrating THz compressors into transmission electron microscopes, temporal resolution was improved to sub-100 fs with nanometer-scale spatial resolution.Fully integrated THz-driven accelerator concepts, such as the AXSIS project, illustrate a viable route toward compact, alloptical X-ray free-electron lasers, combining THz guns, THz LINACS, and optical undulators in a unified laser-driven architecture.Conclusions and Prospects THz-driven electron acceleration and manipulation have rapidly evolved into a versatile and compact alternative to conventional RF and plasma-based approaches. Key achievements include GV/m-scale acceleration fields, femtosecond bunch compression, and ultra-low timing jitter, enabling unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution in ultrafast imaging and diffraction.Looking forward, several challenges must be addressed to advance the technology toward practical applications. These include increasing THz pulse energy and repetition rate, improving acceleration efficiency through advanced phase-matching and tapered structures, and refining micro-fabrication techniques to minimize structure-induced phase errors. Material damage thresholds also remain a limiting factor for further field scaling.Moreover, synergistic integration of THz technology with RF and plasma accelerators offers promising pathways—for instance, using THz guns as high-brightness injectors. With continued innovation in laser and THz source technology, compact THz-driven accelerators are poised to play an increasingly important role in future ultrafast science and compact light source development.更多还原