【作者】 赵蕾；

【导师】 徐苏宁；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 城乡规划学， 2018， 博士

【摘要】 目前,对于具有复杂气候、环境条件的寒地城市来说,海绵城市、雨洪管理等相关理论的应用还处于探索阶段。城市水系作为生态基础设施的重要组成部分,承载着重要的“雨洪管理”作用。而寒地城市水系在资源特点、功能特性和空间特征等方面都有区别与其他地域的城市水系。因此,本文以雨洪管理理论为支撑,针对寒地城市水系特性和关键性问题,提出寒地城市水系规划系统框架,从小流域、城市规划区域、河流滨岸带三个空间尺度提出寒地城市水系规划的方法,探索寒地城市水系在建构流域水系调控系统、调整城市规划区水系空间格局及河岸生态建设中的规划路径,分尺度、分重点地指导寒地城市水系实现可持续雨洪管理的规划、建设与实施。论文以寒地城市水系为主要研究对象,首先从功能、特性和相关规范、相关规划几方面入手,对寒地城市水系的特征要素进行梳理,并从宏观、中观、微观三个空间层面将城市水系规划对象分解为小流域水系、城市规划区水系及河流滨岸带三个等级。其次,对本文基础概念—雨洪管理做出解释,并以相关理论作支撑,明确我国寒地城市应用雨洪管理的原则。再次,从宏观、中观、微观三个层面选取国外典型实践案例,分析其作为雨洪管理应用于城市水系规划建设的经验启示。并以寒地东北地区牡丹江小流域水系为实地调查对象,探讨寒地流域水系的构成、空间特征等自然结构要素,寒地城市水系格局与城市功能、空间塑造的相互作用过程,以及寒地城市河岸带建设情况。最后,立足于上述理论与实地分析,针对寒地城市水系三个空间尺度的建设现状进行反思,并对未来的规划建设提出“景观规划整合城市水土资源、分区治理顺应综合治水原则、技术手段实现水系规划目标、政策调整指导规划建设实施”的发展导向。为进一步明确寒地城市水系规划的“新任务”为何,建立了雨洪管理视角下的寒地城市水系规划框架。在与国家发展战略相适宜、与现行城乡规划体系相衔接、与相关规划目标相统筹的原则基础上,从总目标统筹、多尺度分解、众专项协调三个层面来拆解雨洪管理视角下的寒地城市水系规划要点,并建立了前期的项目策划、过程中的方案生成以及后期的监测与评价的规划流程。对应前文划分的空间尺度,进一步分析宏观、中观、微观不同尺度下的寒地城市水系规划实现可持续雨洪管理的途径为“建构雨洪管理视角下的寒地流域水系调控系统、调整雨洪管理视角下的寒地城市规划区水系空间格局、雨洪管理视角下的寒地河流滨岸带生态建设”,并分别建立技术路线框架,从原则和模式两个方面指导后续三个空间尺度的规划技术手段和实施管理策略。“新任务”需要新的规划策略,论文分别从宏观、中观、微观三个层面提出寒地城市水系规划实现雨洪管理的具体途径。宏观建构雨洪管理视角下的流域水系调控系统具体策略为:脉络疏通构建生态格局、分区治理实现就地滞蓄、雨/雪水利用补充水系水源、景观规划整合水土资源;中观调整雨洪管理视角下的城市规划区水系空间格局具体规划策略为:优化水系沿线土地利用格局、建立“与水共存区”管控单元及优化避难场所对应内涝灾害;微观尺度的城市河岸生态化建设手段包括:恢复河道水体自然化、调整河岸带结构布局、构建水生态基础设施。最后,对应各层级水系规划内容,分别建立流域综合管理、城市水系整体空间管制、规划建设保障及引导手段等机制,并分别与现行城乡规划体系中的区域规划、城市总体规划、详细规划相衔接,为寒地城市水系的规划、建设与健康运行提供保障。论文涉及到水利、水环境、风景园林、市政工程、给水排水等多科学、众专业,以城市规划为主线,着眼于设计层面,重点解决寒地城市水系规划实现可持续雨洪管理的途径。通过分层次构建、子系统拆解、多途径实现等方式,明确寒地城市水系规划实现雨洪管理的规划建设要素,最后将相关规划案例的实践过程分解,通过理论与实践的结合,对该方法的理论性和可实施性进行检验。为实现水环境保护、水系规划满足雨洪管理的可持续性提供科学的指导和可操作的途径,为其他寒地城市水系规划项目实践提供参考和借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 It’s been widely proved and practiced for the planning theories of stormwater management,whose application is still in exploration for the winter city featured as complex climate and harsh environment,also for the sponge city and other theories.as the crucial component of ecological infrastructure,urban water system affords the responsibility of stormwater management.In winter cities,however,water system greatly differs from counter parts in other regions mainly in resource characteristics,functionality and spatial features,etc.In this paper,based on the theory of stormwater management,the author puts forward the framework of urban water system planning system to deal with the characteristics and key issues of urban water system.Three spatial scales are involved: watershed,city planning area and riparian buffer reach to explore the planning routes of urban water system in construction of regulation and control system of basin water system,adjustment of water system spatial pattern in winter city planning area and ecological construction of winter city riparian buffer.The urban water system is guided planning based on scales and importance to achieve sustainable construction and implementation of sustainable stormwater management.Water system in winter city is taken as the object in this paper.Firstly,the characteristics of water system in winter city are combed from the function,characteristics,constitution and relevant regulations and plans.The objects planned of urban water system are spatially divided into small watershed water system,water system of urban planning area and riparian buffer reach combined with the macro,medium and micro planning perspectives of urban and rural planning.Secondly,the stormwater management is defined to theoretically define and identify the principles of stormwater management application in winter cities.Ultimately,based on the above theories and self-examination of the present planning and construction of water system in winter city,the author provides the future planning construction with the development orientation following the integration of urban water and land resource with landscape planning,the pursuit of comprehensive water control in zoning treatment,technical realization of water system planning and guidance of planning and construction implementation with political adjustment.To further clear the new task of water system in winter city,the planning framework of water system is established based on the stormwater management.Depending on the functional and design principles constitution,the key points of water system planning are divided into three levels under the view of stormwater management from overall object coordination,multi-scale decomposition and special coordination.The ways and optimization strategies of sustainable stormwater management for urban water system are further analyzed from macro,medium and micro perspective.The results are to construct of regulation and control system of basin water system,adjust the water system spatial pattern in winter city planning area and ecological construct the winter city riparian buffer all based on the stormwater management.The exploration also extends to the cooperation methods in water projects,water environment and landscape planning to achieve the construction of stormwater management,taking the urban water system as the media.New task requires advanced planning methods,which presents the specific ways from macro,medium and micro levels.The specific strategies of watershed regulation system for macro-construction include water supply with snow and rainwater utilization,construction of ecological pattern,on-site reservation with zoning treatment and integration of water and land resource with landscape planning;the planning strategies of urban water system regional layout for the medium-adjustment can be divided into the optimization of land use layout along water system,the construction of management and control unit of Living with water area and the optimization of waterlogging disaster in evacuation sites;the macro-ecological construction and technical implementation of riparian buffer include the restoration of riverway naturalization,adjustment of structural layout of riparian buffer and constitution of water-ecological infrastructure.Finally,connotation of layered water system planning is taken into account to respectively construct the integrated river basin management,integrated space control of water system,security of planning and construction and guidance to contribute to the planning construction and healthy operation of urban water system.Based on multiple disciplines including water conservancy,water environment,landscape architecture,municipal engineering and water supply and drainage,this paper follows the urban planning and focuses on the design to figure out the ways of sustainable realization of stormwater management of water system in winter cities.The planning and construction elements of water system are determined to realize the stormwater management through layered construction,division of sub-systems and realization of multiple ways.The practice process of planning cases are decomposed to testify the theory and implementation of this methods through the combination of theories and practice.This paper lays down the scientific guidance and operation ways for the satisfaction of sustainable stormwater management with the water environment conservation and water system planning,also the reference for other water system planning projects in winter cities.更多还原