【作者】 朱威；

【导师】 刘广纯；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 蚤蝇科是双翅目较大科之一,其形态学研究已经具有一定的基础,但系统发育研究还处于初级阶段,因此探讨蚤蝇科分类地位对研究双翅目演化关系具有重要意义。前人对蚤蝇科的分类地位和系统发育进行过研究,并提出蚤蝇科不同的分类系统,但是还有许多问题尚未解决。本文针对这一现状,首次对我国大陆地区蚤蝇科分类地位,各属间的亲缘关系和进化关系进行分析和探讨。推断蚤蝇科系统发育关系,确定中国蚤蝇科的姐妹群以及各属间的亲缘关系,同时比较前人的不同分类体系,从中寻找和建立一个较为科学的蚤蝇科分类系统。本文选择澳蝇科Sciadoceridae作为研究的外群,根据外群比较原则分析了蚤蝇科的极性。使用支序分析方法,PAUP系统发育分析软件,使用Adams合意分析、严格合意分析和多数规则合意分析三种合意树分析方法,对中国大陆地区蚤蝇科24个属的系统发育关系进行研究。对蚤蝇科进行支序分析,结果表明:一、亚科的单系性本文根据Adams合意分析、严格合意分析和多数规则合意分析三种方法,均将中国大陆地区蚤蝇科分为两个亚科,即蚤蝇亚科Phorinae和裂蚤蝇亚科Metopininae,并且互为姐妹群,都分别构成单系群。二、属间亲缘关系和进化关系分析蚤蝇亚科Phorinae包括栉蚤蝇属Hypocera、粪蚤蝇属Borophaga、戈蚤蝇属Godavaria、鬃蚤蝇属Chaetogodavaria、阔蚤蝇属Latiborophaga、栉胸蚤蝇属Ctenopleuriphora、弧蚤蝇属Stichillus、蚤蝇属Phora、刺蚤蝇属Spiniphora、肋蚤蝇属Psyllomyia、栅蚤蝇属Diplonevra、栓蚤蝇属Dohrniphora、锥蚤蝇属Conicera、周蚤蝇属Chouomyia、寒蚤蝇属Triphleba、脉蚤蝇属Anevrina 16个属。裂蚤蝇亚科Metopininae包括罗蚤蝇属Rhopica、裂蚤蝇属Metopina、喙蚤蝇属Trophithauma、虼蚤蝇属Pulicphora、寡蚤蝇属Gymnophora、乌蚤蝇属Woodiphora、伐蚤蝇属Phalacrotophora和异蚤蝇属Megaselia8个属。蚤蝇科Phoridae中粪蚤蝇属Borophaga和弧蚤蝇属Stichillus、栅蚤蝇属Diplonevra和栓蚤蝇属Dohrniphora、鬃蚤蝇属Chaetogodavaria和栉胸蚤蝇属Ctenopleuriphora、蚤蝇属Phora和刺蚤蝇属Spiniphora、裂蚤蝇属Metopina和虼蚤蝇属Puliciphora、伐蚤蝇属Phalacrotophora和异蚤蝇属Megaselia、寡蚤蝇属Gymnophora和乌蚤蝇属Woodiphora,它们之间的亲缘关系最近。在第一个大类群中,脉蚤蝇属Anevrina、刺蚤蝇属Spiniphora、蚤蝇属Phora属较原始的属。其中粪蚤蝇属Borophaga和弧蚤蝇属Stichillus、栅蚤蝇属Diplonevra和栓蚤蝇属Dohrniphora、鬃蚤蝇属Chaetogodavaria和栉胸蚤蝇属Ctenopleuriphora分别是从支序图中最迟分化出来的属,属最进化的类群。在后一大类群中罗蚤蝇属Rhopica最早分化出来,属最原始的属,裂蚤蝇属Metopina和虼蚤蝇属Puliciphora、伐蚤蝇属Phalacrotophora和异蚤蝇属Megaselia最后分化出来,为最进化的类群。三、亚科分类和地位本文将中国大陆地区蚤蝇科Phoridae分为两个亚科,即蚤蝇亚科Phorinae和裂蚤蝇亚科Metopininae。蚤蝇亚科Phorinae包括中国大陆地区分布的16个属。裂蚤蝇亚科Metopininae包括中国大陆地区分布的8个属。四、各属分类地位经过支序分析本文认为Brown(1992)分类系统中Hypocerinae中栉蚤蝇属Hypocera、粪蚤蝇属Borophaga、戈蚤蝇属Godavaria、阔蚤蝇属Latiborophaga和弧蚤蝇属Stichillus,Aenigmatinae中的肋蚤蝇属Psyllomyia、栅蚤蝇属Diplonevra和栓蚤蝇属Dohrniphora,Conicerinae中的锥蚤蝇属Conicera都应归回蚤蝇亚科Phorinae。经过支序分析本文认为蚤蝇亚科Phorinae中鬃蚤蝇属Chaetegodavaria,栉胸蚤蝇属Ctenopleuriphora,肋蚤蝇属Psyllomyia和周蚤蝇属Chouomyia这些属的形态特征与蚤蝇亚科Phorinae其它属的特征差异较大,它们的系统发育关系还有待进一步研究;裂蚤蝇亚科Metopininae中的虼蚤蝇属Puliciphora形态特征与其它属的特征差异较大,还需要进一步对其形态特征进行研究。本研究所用的标本均源自沈阳大学生物技术研究所。更多还原

【Abstract】 Phoridae is one of the bigest families in the Diptera.Although the study of morphology of phorids has been well done,the study of phylogeny still is primary.Therefore to study and discuss classification status of Phoridae will play essential role in evolutional study of the Diptera.Although the classification and phylogeny of Phoridae were studyed,and deferent classification system of Phoridae were put forward by formers,many problems still were not figured out.With the view to this,therefore,the relationship and classification between genera of Phoridae in China mainland are analyzed and studied.In this paper the phylogenetic relationship of Phoridae is speculated,the sister groups and relationsip between genera is ascertained,diferent classification systems are compared and a scientific taxonomy system of Phoridae is set up.Sciadoceridae is selected out as the outgroup,character polority of Phoridae are analyzed by outgroup comparision rule.With Srict consensus analysis,Adams consensus analysis and Majorule consensus analysis,the phylogeny of 24 genera of Phoridae in China mainland are studied by cladistic analysis.The results of cladistic analysis show as follows:1.Monophyly of subfamily:The groups of Phoridae are divided into two subfamilies,including Phorinae and Metopininae,which is sister group and monophyletic group by Srict consensus analysis,Adams consensus analysis and Majorule consensus analysis.2.Relationship between generaThe groups of Hypocera,Borophaga,Godavaria,Chaetogodavaria,Latiborophaga,Ctenopleuriphora, Stichillus,Phora,Spiniphora,Psyllomyia,Diplonevra,Dohrniphora,Conicera,Chouomyia,Triphleba and Anevrina belong to Phorinae.The groups of Rhopica,Metopina,Trophithauma,Puliciphora,Gymnophora,Woodiphora, Phalacrotophora and Megaselia belong to Metopinniae.In Phoridae the relationship of Borophaga and Stichillus,Diplonevra and Dohrniphora,Chaetogodavaria and Ctenopleuriphora,Phora and Spiniphora,Metopina and Puliciphora,Phalacrotophora and Megaselia, Gymnophora and Woodiphora are the closest.In the first group,Anevrina,Phora and Spiniphora belong to the more primitive groups.The groups of Borophaga and Stichillus,Chaetegodavaria and Ctenopleuriphora,Diplonevra and Dohrniphora belong to the most evolutive groups.In the latter group Gymnophora are the most primitive;Metopina and Puliciphora, Phalacrotophora and Megaselia belong to the most evolutive groups.3.Classification and status of subfamilyIn this paper the groups of Phoridae are divided into two subfamilies,including Phorinae and Metopininae,in which the former involves 16 genera,while the latter includes 8 genera.Classification of subfamily is essentially consistent to the classification system of Schmitz(1929),but there are several different aspects comparing with the classification system of Brown(1992).4.Classification status of generaIn this paper Hypocera,Godavaria,Latiborophaga and Stichillus of Hypocerinae,Psyllomyia,Diplonevra and Dohrniphora of Aenigmatinae,Conicera of Conicerinae in classification system of Brown(1992) are transferred back into Phorinae by Cladistic analysis.Furthermore,the relationship of Chaetegodavaria,Ctenopleuriphora,Psyllomyia and Chouomyia in Phorinae are not figured out because there are some important difference comparing with other genera of Phorinae.At the same time,the relationship between Puliciphora and other genera in Metopininae still is studied further because special character of Puliciphora is diferent from the other genara of Metopininae. In this paper species used are all derived from Biotechnology graduate school,Shenyang University.更多还原