【作者】 王昊；

【导师】 朱京涛； 王乃红；

【作者基本信息】 河北科技师范学院 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 软核山楂是中国特有的山楂种质资源,以其为母本进行杂交育种,并从F₂代中选择性状优良的品系具有重要的种质创新意义。为获得优质的软核山楂种质资源,本试验选取‘山东大绵球’ב新宾软籽’的杂交后代F₁代的天然自交后代F₂为试验材料,F₂群体共计60株,对其果实的外观品质、内在品质共20个性状指标进行测定与分析,目的是选育出单果重大且性状优良的软核山楂株系,以期获得软核山楂新品系,为品种审定奠定基础。主要研究结果如下:1.60株软核山楂果实中18-27单果重最大,为5.27g;16-1横径最长,为22.97mm;18-41果形指数最大,为1.07;25-42果皮颜色L^*值、h最大,分别为72.96、70.52°,果皮颜色为土黄,与其他株系果实有显著差异;14-56果皮颜色a^*值、c^*值最大,分别为46.01、53.80;22-27果皮颜色b^*值最大,为40.88;15-38纵径最长,为21.78mm,果肉颜色为黄红,6-34、6-28果肉颜色都为浅红,其余株系果实果肉颜色均为白色系;2-44果实硬度最大,带皮硬度为29.17N,去皮硬度为23.25N;17-17可食率最高,为91.04%;24-41含水量最高,为83.95%;3-27可溶性糖含量最高,为31.50%;7-49可滴定酸含量最高,为5.92%;22-36可溶性蛋白含量最高,为20.97mg/g;16-35可溶性固形物含量最高,为21.50%;7-49维生素C含量最高,为130.99mg/100g。2.60株软核山楂果实性状,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C变异程度最高,变异系数分别为42.96%、63.71%、42.77%;纵径、果皮颜色c^*、横径、果形指数、可食率、含水量变异程度最低,分别为9.64%、9.06%、8.89%、6.59%、4.68%、4.40%;其余性状变异程度一般。3.60株软核山楂果实单果重与纵径、横径相关程度最强,相关系数分别为0.796、0.914,都存在极显著正相关性（P<0.01）;果皮颜色L^*与果皮颜色b^*、h相关性最强,相关系数分别为0.854、0.918,都存在极显著正相关性（P<0.01）;果皮颜色b^*与果皮颜色h相关性最强,相关系数为0.881,存在极显著正相关性（P<0.01）;带皮硬度与去皮硬度相关性最强,相关系数为0.954,存在极显著正相关性（P<0.01）。4.60株软核山楂果实采用主成分分析法,提出了7个主成分因子,累积贡献率达82.482%。计算出个主成分得分及综合得分F,并进行综合排名,综合排名前5名的株系由高到低依次为为:20-9、15-38、18-45、22-22、25-37。采用聚类分析法,将60株软核山楂分为4个大类,分析结果与主成分分析结果相似。总之,经过统计分析,20-9、15-38、18-45、22-22、25-37共5个株系是综合排前5的株系。其果实大小、色泽、内在品质等性状经方差分析均在显著或极显著水平上优于其他株系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Soft-endocarp hawthorn is a unique Chinese hawthorn germplasm resource,and it is important for germplasm innovation to use it as the parent for cross breeding and to select lines with excellent traits from the F₂ generation.In order to obtain high quality Soft-endocarp hawthorn germplasm resources,this experiment selected the natural self-progeny F₂ of the F₁ generation of the cross of’Shandong Da Mian Gou’×’Xinbin Soft Seed’as the test material,and a total of 60 plants of the F₂ population were used to determine the appearance quality and inner quality of the fruits.A total of 20 traits were measured and analyzed,with the aim of selecting and breeding soft hawthorn strains with large single fruits and excellent traits,and obtaining new soft hawthorn strains to lay the foundation for variety validation.The main results of the study are as follows:1.Among the 60 strains of soft-endocarp hawthorn fruits,18-27 had the largest single fruit weight of 5.27g;16-1 had the longest longitudinal diameter of 22.97mm;18-41 had the largest fruit shape index of 1.07;25-42 had the largest peel color L^*value and h value of 72.96 and 70.52°,respectively,and the peel color was earthy yellow,which was significantly different from the fruits of other strains;14-56 had the largest peel color a^*value and c^*values were the largest,46.01 and 53.80,respectively;22-27had the largest b^*value of 40.88;15-38 had the longest longitudinal diameter of 21.78mm and yellow-red flesh color,6-34 and 6-28 had light red flesh color,while the rest of the strains had white flesh color;2-44 had the largest hardness,29.17 N with skin and 23.25 N with peel.17-17 had the highest edibility of 91.04%;16-35 had the highest soluble solids content with 21.50%;24-41 had the highest water content of 83.95%;3-27 had the highest soluble sugar content of 31.50%;7-49 had the highest titratable acid content of 5.92%;22-36 had the highest soluble protein content of 20.97mg/g;7-49had the highest vitamin C content with 130.99mg/100g.2.For the traits of 60 soft-endocarp hawthorn fruit,soluble sugar,soluble protein,and vitamin C had the highest degree of variation with coefficients of variation of42.96%,63.71%,and 42.77%,respectively;longitudinal diameter,peel color c^*,transverse diameter,fruit shape index,edibility,and water content had the lowest degree of variation with 9.64%,9.06%,8.89%,6.59%,4.68%,and 4.40%;the remaining traits showed average variability.3.The single fruit weight of 60 soft-endocarp hawthorn fruit was most strongly correlated with longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter,with correlation coefficients of 0.796 and 0.914,respectively,both with highly significant positive correlations（P<0.01）;skin color L^*was most strongly correlated with skin color b^*and h,with correlation coefficients of 0.854 and 0.918,respectively,both with highly significant positive correlations（P<0.01）;skin color b^*was most strongly correlated with The strongest correlation was found between peel color b^*and peel color h,with a correlation coefficient of 0.881 and a highly significant positive correlation（P<0.01）;the strongest correlation was found between peel hardness and peel hardness,with a correlation coefficient of 0.954 and a highly significant positive correlation（P<0.01）.4.60 soft-endocarp hawthorn strains were analyzed by principal component analysis,and seven principal component factors were proposed with a cumulative contribution of 82.482%.The top 5 strains were ranked from highest to lowest:20-9,15-38,18-45,22-22,25-37.60 soft-endocarp hawthorn plants were divided into 4major categories using cluster analysis,and the results were similar to those of principal component analysis.In conclusion,after statistical analysis,five strains,20-9,15-38,18-45,22-22,and25-37,were the top 5 strains in terms of overall ranking.Their fruit size,color,intrinsic quality and other traits were superior to other strains at significant or highly significant levels by ANOVA.更多还原