【作者】 AN JIYOUN(安志娟)；

【导师】 杨保筠；

【作者基本信息】 北京大学 ， 国际政治， 2021， 博士

【摘要】 1992年中韩建交后,中国朝鲜族开始大规模进入韩国社会。在韩朝鲜族是持有中华人民共和国护照的华侨。但由于他们与韩国人血统相同,因此是韩国政府在外同胞政策的对象。这是与韩国社会以前形成的旧华侨在身份上的明确区别。在韩朝鲜族群体在中国华侨发展史研究中有其独特性,值得学术界关注。迄今为止,对在韩中国朝鲜族的研究局限于劳动力的移动、对少数族裔及在外同胞的歧视、身份认同的变化等。本论文在以往研究的基础上,采用文献分析法,对来自学术界、国际机构、政府机关、媒体、民调等的丰富资料展开研究。探讨中国朝鲜族对韩国的认知变化、韩国政府及韩国社会对中国朝鲜族的认知变化,也考察在韩朝鲜族新华侨社会发展及对中韩关系的影响。在韩朝鲜族社会是在韩国政府的出入境政策不断改善的背景下发展起来的,与中国的综合国力提升密切相关。由于在不同时期有不同的国家利益考量,韩国政府对中国朝鲜族的政策在排斥和包容之间摇摆不定。研究发现,中国国力提升是对韩国政府对朝鲜族政策影响最大的因素。韩国政府之前认为对中国朝鲜族的包容政策会引起对国内劳动力市场干扰,不利于中韩外交关系。但是考察最近韩国政府对在韩朝鲜族的政策变化可以发现韩国政府认为中国朝鲜族的流入有助于中韩关系发展,有助于维护单一民族的国家认同。与韩国政府的态度不同,韩国社会对中国朝鲜族的他者化现象却越发严重。韩国越发达,韩国人以自己为主的民族优越感越强,这体现为在韩民族内等级秩序的形成。近年来中美竞争导致的韩国国内厌华情绪高涨,也使韩国民众对在韩中国朝鲜族的警惕性和排斥感有所提高。在韩朝鲜族在韩国社会受到歧视,促使他们内部更加团结,作为中华民族一员的身份认同也得以巩固,逐步形成了相对独立的新华侨社会,并在比较短的时间内得到较快的发展。目前在韩朝鲜族就业不再局限于简单劳务领域,其社会经济地位出现了分化。在韩朝鲜族在韩国设立了多个社会团体和媒体,其影响力以聚居地为中心逐渐扩大。他们积极参政,并采取实质举措应对韩国社会对朝鲜族的歧视。目前在韩中国朝鲜族是受到两国间的政治、外交问题影响最大的群体。鉴于在韩朝鲜族与韩国社会的异质性和中韩关系的敏感性,妥善处理好在韩朝鲜族问题对于两国关系至关重要。在韩朝鲜族是最了解中韩两国的群体,理应成为使两国共赢的催化剂,而不是引发两国冲突的导火索,两国应为中国朝鲜族推动中韩关系的发展创造条件。更多还原

【Abstract】 Following the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the Republic of Korea(ROK)in 1992,a large number of Korean ethnic group began to enter ROK.The Korean ethnic group in ROK are new overseas Chinese who hold passports of the People’s Republic of China.However,since these Korean ethnic group are of the same descent as Koreans,the ROK government’s policies on overseas compatriots also applies to them.This is a clear difference in identity from the overseas Chinese of traditional meaning formed in the previous Korean society.The research on Korean ethnic group in the development history of overseas Chinese has its uniqueness,which is worthy of academic attention.Till now,the research on the Korean ethnic group in ROK is limited to the movement of labor forces,discrimination against ethnic minorities and compatriots abroad,and changes in identity,etc.Based on the previous research,the data from the academic circle,international institutions,government organs,media and polling are analyzed in this paper,to discuss the changes in Korean ethnic group’s perception of ROK and the perceptions of the ROK government and the Korean society towards Korean ethnic group,and examine the factors constraining both the development of the new overseas Chinese community formed by the Korean ethnic group in ROK and the development of China-ROK relations.The Korean ethnic group community in ROK has developed together with the improvement of the ROK government’s entry-exit policy and of China’s overall national strength.The ROK government has wavered between exclusion and inclusion in its policies towards Korean ethnic group due to its different considerations on national interests during varying periods.This paper discovers that increased national strength of China produces a greater impact on the ROK government’s policy of inclusion for Korean ethnic group than the Korean ancestry does.Previously,the ROK government believed that an inclusion policy for Korean ethnic group would cause interference in ROK’s labor market and not conducive to China-ROK diplomatic relations.However,by reviewing the recent changes in the ROK government’s policies towards Korean ethnic group in ROK,we can find that this government believes that the influx of Korean ethnic group is conductive to the development of China-ROK relations and the maintainance of the national identity of a single nationality.Holding a different attitude from the ROK government,the Korean society has become more and more aggressive in believing that Korean ethnic group are not of the same origin with them.The more developed ROK is,the stronger sense of national superiority of the original Koreans have,which is reflected in the formation of hierarchical order within the Korean nation.In recent years,the upsurge of Anti-China sentiment in ROK caused by Sino-US competition has also increased the vigilance and sense of exclusion of Korean people in ROK.In ROK,the serious discrimination on the Korean ethnic group in the Korean society has promoted their internal unity,and consolidated their identity as a member of the Chinese nation,thus gradually forming a relatively independent new overseas Chinese society,and rapidly developing in a relatively short time.Currently,the Korean ethnic group staying in ROK are not labor workers in simple labor services and have engaged in socio-economic status.They have established in ROK several social organizations and media,with their influence gradually expanding with their places of settlement as centers.Also,they have been actively engaged in politics and responded to the discrimination of the Korean society towards them.The Korean ethnic group in ROK are affected mostly by the political and diplomatic issues between the two countries.In view of the heterogeneity between Korean ethnic group in ROK and Korean society and the sensitivity of China-ROK relations,it is very important to properly handle the Korean issue in ROK for bilateral relations.The Korean ethnic group in ROK,as those who understand the two countries best,should be a driver that contributes the win-win situation of both countries rather than a trigger for the conflicts between the two.The two countries should create conditions for Korean ethnic groups to promote the development of China-ROK relations.更多还原