【作者】 张有喜；

【导师】 屠世浩；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 采矿工程， 2014， 博士

【摘要】 针对厚表土层深井富水顶板特厚煤层如何实现集约化开采问题，以同煤集团麻家梁煤矿为工程背景，综合运用现场调研、理论分析、数值模拟和现场试验等研究方法，对影响安全高效开采的生产模式、顶板水害防控、大断面煤巷围岩控制、矿压控制与提高综放面顶煤放出率等问题进行了系统深入研究，取得了如下主要创新成果：（1）提出并成功实施了厚表土层下富水顶板特厚煤层集约化开采的新模式，即大断面立井、全煤层大巷的分带开拓方式，实现了煤炭的快速自动化提升和大型装备的无拆解无转载一站式运输及快速安装。在麻家梁煤矿建设了直径9.3m的副立井并装配载重50t罐笼，实现了重型综放支架等大型设备由地面到井下作业地点的无转载连续运输；在直径9.0m的主立井内配备了两对载重45t箕斗，实现了千万吨矿井单井集中提升。（2）揭示了顶板水渗流特征和采动卸压效应，得到了工作面推进速度、面长、采厚和工作面宽度与顶板导水裂隙带发育高度的相关关系，提出并实施了“工作面布置优化+减少开采对含水层扰动+多阶段立体式疏排水”的顶板水害防控技术，实现了富水顶板下特厚煤层安全开采。（3）揭示了富水顶板大断面煤巷围岩稳定控制原理，提出了分阶段联合支护与顶板控水协调的富水顶板大断面煤巷围岩稳定性控制技术，并成功应用于麻家梁煤矿9.0m宽大跨度开切眼围岩稳定控制实践。（4）总结了大埋深厚表土特厚煤层综放面矿压显现基本特征，分析了基载比对顶板矿压规律的影响，揭示了大埋深厚表土顶板结构特点，即老顶无法形成稳定的“砌体梁”结构，而呈现出类似浅埋薄基岩煤层顶板结构特征，基于关键块平衡理论提出了这种条件下工作面支架阻力的计算方法。（5）实测了大采高综放工作面煤壁的片帮特征。建立了煤壁稳定性评价模型，分析了护帮力、支架阻力、护帮板长度、移架滞后割煤步距、以及煤体原生裂隙对煤壁片帮的影响规律，提出了煤壁稳定性控制技术，成功应用于麻家梁煤矿14101工作面开采实践。（6）揭示了含水顶煤成拱致损机理，得到了支架放煤口煤拱稳定性与掩护梁夹角、顶煤摩擦系数的相关关系，提出了降低顶煤含水率、增加顶煤破碎块度和优化放煤机构等提高顶煤放出率技术，14101工作面顶煤放出率提高4.5%。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to achieve the intensive mining in extra-thick coal seam with water-richroofs of and hick overburden in deep mine, in the engineering background ofMajialiang mine belonging to Datong coal mine group, a synthetically methodcombined with field investigations, theoretical analysis, numerical simulations andfield measurements is applied to study the issues including production modeimpacting safety and high efficiency mining proceeding, roof water disastersprevention and control, surrounding rock control in large-span coal roadway, stratacontrol and improving top-coal recovery ratio, the main innovations are obtained:(1) A new intensive mining mode was proposed and applied to mine the extra-thickcoal seam under water-rich roofs and hick overburden in deep mine, which meansband development plans with large-section shaft and coal main roadways, achievingfast automatic promotion of coal and one-stop transportation and quick installation oflarge equipment without dismounting and transshipment. In Majialiang mine, a9.3mdiameter vice-shaft is constructed, with50t load’s cage, to realize that largeequipments, such as heavy top-coal caving supports, continuously transport withouttransshipment from the ground to the underground. Two pairs of45t ships wereequipped in the9.0m diameter main-shaft, and the annual output of ten million tonsof coal mine achieved concentrated promotion with a single shaft.(2) The seepage characteristics and mining induced relief effect of roof waterwas revealed. The relationship between the developing height of fractured zones andpanel conditions, such as advanced speed, mining thickness, longwall face width, wasresearched. The roof water disasters prevention and control technologies:“longwallface optimal layout+decreasing disturbing aquifer caused by mining proceeding+multi-stage stereo drainage”, were proposed and put into effect. Safety productionwas achieved in extra-thick coal seam under water-rich roofs.(3) Surrounding rock stability control principle of large-span coal roadway wasrevealed under water-rich roofs. Surrounding rock stability control techniques forlarge-span coal roadway under water-rich roofs, stepped combined support synergisticwith roof water controlling, is proposed and applied to the surrounding rock stabilitycontrol practice of9.0m wide-span open-off cut in Majialiang mine.(4) The basic characteristics of strata behaviors in extra-thick coal seam fullymechanized longwall top-coal caving face with large embedded depth and hick overburden were summered. The influence rules of roof strata pressure impacted bythe base-load ratio were analyzed. The roof construction characteristics of largeembedded depth and hick overburden coal seam was revealed, meaning that, the mainroof cannot form stable “voussoir beam” construction, while form the roofconstruction resemblance to the shallow thin bedrock roof. Based on the key blockbalance theory, the calculation method of the longwall support resistance under thecondition is given.(5) The rib spalling characteristics of fully mechanized longwall top-coal cavingface with large mining height was measured. A coal wall stability evaluation model isestablished. The influence rules of rib spalling impacted by the face guard force,support resistance, the length of face guard, distance between support advancing andshearer pass and coal preexisting fissures were analyzed. The coal wall stabilitycontrol techniques were proposed and successfully applied for the mining practice of14101longwall face in Majialiang mine.(6) The arching and damage mechanism of water content top-coal was revealed.The relationship between the stability of coal arch behind the drawing opening and thegob shield angle, the friction coefficient of the top-coal is studied. The techniques ofimproving top-coal recovery ratio, such as decreasing the top-coal moisture content,increasing the broken blocks of the top-coal and optimizing the drawing equipment isproposed, and the top-coal recovery ratio in14101longwall face is improved by4.5%.更多还原